Tuberculosis in Northeastern Brasil (2001-2016): trend, clinical profile, and prevalence of risk factors and associated comorbidities.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the temporal trend, clinical profile, and the prevalence of risk factors and associated comorbidities in new cases of tuberculosis in the Northeast (2001-2016). METHODS: A prevalence study involving all tuberculosis cases registered in Northeast Brasil, 2001-2016. Data were obtained from the National System of Notification of Disorders. For statistical analysis, the inflection point regression model and descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS: 331,245 cases of tuberculosis were reported. The overall incidence rate decreased from 44.84/100,000 inhabitants (2001) to 30.92/100,000 inhabitants (2016), with a decreasing trend (AAPC: -2.3; p<0.001). The profile was characterized by men (73.53%), age 20-59 years (73.56%), pulmonary tuberculosis (86.37%), positive smear microscopy (54.78%). The main risk factors and comorbidities were: AIDS (4.64%), HIV (12.10%), Diabetes mellitus (5.46%), alcohol (11.63%), institutionalized, (4.31%) and deprived of liberty (2.30%). The cure rate was 70.66% and the abandonment rate was 9.11%. CONCLUSIONS: Even with a reduced incidence, tuberculosis represents a real public health problem in the Northeast region. The profile was characterized by a male population, in economically-active age, lung smear-positive pulmonary presentation, and the risk factors and comorbidities of Aids, TB/HIV co-infection, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, institutionalized and deprived of freedom reflect the complexity of the challenges in facing the disease.

Tuberculosis in Northeastern Brasil (2001-2016): trend, clinical profile, and prevalence of risk factors and associated comorbidities

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To describe the temporal trend, clinical profile, and the prevalence of risk factors and associated comorbidities in new cases of tuberculosis in the Northeast (2001-2016). METHODS: A prevalence study involving all tuberculosis cases registered in Northeast Brasil, 2001-2016. Data were obtained from the National System of Notification of Disorders. For statistical analysis, the inflection point regression model and descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS: 331,245 cases of tuberculosis were reported. The overall incidence rate decreased from 44.84/100,000 inhabitants (2001) to 30.92/100,000 inhabitants (2016), with a decreasing trend (AAPC: −2.3; p<0.001). The profile was characterized by men (73.53%), age 20-59 years (73.56%), pulmonary tuberculosis (86.37%), positive smear microscopy (54.78%). The main risk factors and comorbidities were: AIDS (4.64%), HIV (12.10%), Diabetes mellitus (5.46%), alcohol (11.63%), institutionalized, (4.31%) and deprived of liberty (2.30%). The cure rate was 70.66% and the abandonment rate was 9.11%. CONCLUSIONS: Even with a reduced incidence, tuberculosis represents a real public health problem in the Northeast region. The profile was characterized by a male population, in economically-active age, lung smear-positive pulmonary presentation, and the risk factors and comorbidities of Aids, TB/HIV co-infection, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, institutionalized and deprived of freedom reflect the complexity of the challenges in facing the disease.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Descrever a tendência temporal, o perfil clínico e a prevalência de fatores de risco e comorbidades associadas em casos novos de tuberculose no Nordeste (2001-2016). MÉTODOS: Estudo de prevalência envolvendo todos os casos de tuberculose registrados no Nordeste do Brasil, no período 2001-2016. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Nacional de Agravos de Notificação. Para a análise estatística, empregaram-se o modelo de regressão por pontos de inflexão e a estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Foram notificados 331.245 casos de tuberculose. A taxa de incidência geral reduziu de 44,84/100.000 habitantes (2001) para 30,92/100.000 habitantes (2016), com tendência decrescente (AAPC: −2,3; p<0,001). O perfil foi caracterizado por homens (73,53%), idade 20-59 anos (73,56%), tuberculose pulmonar (86,37%), baciloscopia positiva (54,78%). Os principais fatores de risco e comorbidade foram: Aids (4,64%), HIV (12,10%), Diabetes mellitus (5,46%), álcool (11,63%), institucionalizados (4,31%) e população privada de liberdade (2,30%). A taxa de cura foi 70,66% e a de abandono, 9,11%. CONCLUSÕES: Mesmo com redução da incidência, a tuberculose representa um real problema de saúde pública na região Nordeste. O perfil caracterizado pela população masculina, idade economicamente ativa, forma pulmonar com baciloscopia positiva e os fatores e comorbidade Aids, coinfecção TB/HIV, diabetes mellitus, consumo de álcool, institucionalizados e privados de liberdade refletem a complexidade dos desafios para o enfrentamento à doença.

Syphilis among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil from 2008 to 2015: a trend analysis according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

INTRODUCTION: The number of syphilis cases among pregnant women in Brazil has increased. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of syphilis indicators among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil. METHODS: A time-series study was performed. RESULTS: We observed an increase in the detection rate of syphilis among pregnant women, those aged 15-19 years, and those of brown ethnicity. A strong correlation was observed between the detection rate of syphilis and family health strategy coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in primary care coverage, The increase in cases of syphilis among pregnant women is still considered a challenge.

Syphilis among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil from 2008 to 2015: a trend analysis according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The number of syphilis cases among pregnant women in Brazil has increased. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of syphilis indicators among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil. METHODS: A time-series study was performed. RESULTS: We observed an increase in the detection rate of syphilis among pregnant women, those aged 15-19 years, and those of brown ethnicity. A strong correlation was observed between the detection rate of syphilis and family health strategy coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in primary care coverage, The increase in cases of syphilis among pregnant women is still considered a challenge.